Supercomputers: How They Are Used And What They Are

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What is Supercomputer?

A supercomputer is a well-developed computer with a high level of performance while comparing with a general-purpose computer. Instead of million instructions per second (MIPS) the performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per second(FLOPS). 

In the field of computational science, supercomputers play an important role and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, considering quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling(computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals),  and physical simulations.

Supercomputer


In the 1960s, supercomputers were introduced, and for several decades the fastest was made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research, and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram.

Supercomputers are basically used by corporations and government organizations for the stimulation of the outcomes. From finding new oil repositories to developing new life-saving medicines, these blazing fast computers can be used for everything. In the research and development of a vaccine for COVID-19, the supercomputer all over the world is being used. 

History of Supercomputers

The first supercomputer had only a single CPU, the Control Data Corporation (CDC)6600. It was released in 1964, and it was actually fairly small about the size of four filing cabinets. At the time, it cost $8 million in today's money around $60, and operated at up to 40MHz, squeezing out a peak performance of 3 million floating operations per second.

The CDC 6600 was up to 10 times faster than the fastest computer at the time, on the comparison. For other reasons too, the CDC 6600 was super, it is stated that it was cooled with Freon that circulated in pipes around the four cabinets, which was then heat exchanged with a chilled external water supply. The CDC 6600 had 10 peripheral Processors while there was only one CPU which in those days was constructed from multiple circuits boards, not a single chip, each of which was dedicated to managing I/O and keeping the CPU's queue full. 

10 Fastest Supercomputers In The World

  1. Summit | U.S
  2. Sierra | U.S
  3. Sunway TaihuLight | China
  4. Tianhe-2A| China
  5. Piz Daint | Switzerland
  6. Trinity | U.S
  7. ABCI | Japan
  8. SuperMUC-NG | Germany
  9. Titan | U.S
  10. Sequoia | U.S

Various Uses of a Supercomputer

Nowadays, the uses of the supercomputer are not only to perform calculation after calculation with blazing speed, but vast amounts of data in parallel are also processed by them, by distributing computing chores to thousands of CPUs. supercomputers can be found at work in research facilities, government agencies, and businesses performing mathematical calculations as well as collecting, collating, categorizing, and analyzing data.

Weather Forecasting

The weatherman bases his forecasts on data supplied by supercomputers run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 

Scientific Research

Just like the weather, scientific research also depends upon the number-crunching ability of supercomputers. 

 Intelligence Agencies

All over the world National Security Agency and Similar government intelligence use the supercomputer to monitor communications between private citizens or suspected terrorist organizations and potentially hostile governments.

Data Mining

 We use the supercomputer to extract information from raw data gathered from data farms on the ground or in the cloud.  


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